Disease Cholera (Cholera)

Cholera (cholera) is an infectious disease is an acute intestinal tract caused by the bacterium Vibrio cholerae, the bacterium enters a person's body through food or water contaminated. Bacteria are issued enterotoxin (poison) in the intestinal tract so that there was diarrhea (diarrhoea) with acute vomiting and great, as a result a person in just a few days to lose a lot of fluids in the body and dehydration conditions.

If dehydration is not treated immediately, it will continue towards hypovolaemic and metabolic acidosis in a relatively short time and can cause death if treatment is not adequate. Provision of regular drinking water would not be much help, Patient (patient) require intravenous fluids cholera sugar (dextrose) and salt (normal saline) or intravenous fluid form in the mix both (dextrose Saline).

Endemic Cholera Disease Transmission

Cholera can be spread as an endemic disease, epidemic, or pandemic. Despite the many studies conducted bersekala large, but the condition of this disease remains a challenge for modern medicine. Vibrio cholerae bacteria to multiply and spread through feaces (feces) of human, when the feces that contain these bacteria contaminate the river water and so the other person who comes in contact with water is at risk of cholera as well.

Eg not washing hands and food clean, washing vegetables or food with water containing cholera bacteria, eating fish that live in water contaminated with cholera bacteria, even the water (such as disungai) drinking water used by others who live nearby.

Symptoms and Signs Cholera Disease

Feacesnya on the cholera bacteria was found during the 1-2 weeks might not feel the complaint is, but as the infection attack suddenly occurs to diarrhea and vomiting as a condition serious enough to cause acute attacks of diarrhea samarnya experienced reply.

But in people with cholera there are some things the signs and symptoms are displayed, among others are:
- Diarrhea is watery and abundant without preceded by a feeling of heartburn or tenesmus.
- Feaces or faeces (stool) which had been colored and smelly became cloudy white liquid (like water washing rice) with no foul or fishy smell, but like the sweet smell.
- Feaces (liquid) that resembles the rice washing water when deposited will issue a white lumps.
- Diarrhea occurred many times and in enough quantities.
- The occurrence of vomiting after preceded by diarrhea that occurs, the patient does not feel sick before.
- Cramping abdominal muscles can also be felt with great pain accompanied.
- A large discharge will cause dehydration with signs such as rapid heartbeat, dry mouth, physically weak, his eyes sunken, hypotensi and others that if not immediately find a replacement handler lost body fluids can result in death.

Handling and Treatment Diseases Cholera

Patients who experienced cholera should immediately mandapatkan penaganan immediately, by providing replacement of lost body fluids as a first step. Giving fluids by infusion / Drip is the most appropriate for people with a lot of fluid loss through diarrhea or vomiting. Next is the treatment of infectious disease, namely by giving antibiotics / antimicrobials such as Tetracycline, Doxycycline or Vibramicyn groups. This antibiotic treatment within 48 hours to stop the diarrhea that occurs.

In certain circumstances, especially the plague-stricken area of cholera feeding / fluids is done by way of the nasal insert tube into the stomach (sonde). As many as 50% of cases of severe cholera tergolang can not be overcome (death), while 1% of cholera patients who received less adequate treatment died. (massachusetts medical society, 2007: Getting Serious about Cholera).

Prevention of cholera

How to prevent and broken off the transmission of cholera is to the principle of environmental sanitation, especially clean water and sewage (feaces) in place that meets environmental standards. Another is to drink water that is cooked first, wash your hands thoroughly before eating soap / antiseptic, washing vegetables, water view, especially vegetables that are eaten raw (Lalapan), avoid eating fish and shellfish are cooked half-baked.

If the family member was affected by cholera, should be isolated and immediately get treatment. Objects contaminated patient vomit or faeces must be in sterilization, searangga flies (vectors) other infection eradicated immediately. Cholera vaccination can protect people who direct contact with patients.